Theory of Natural Selection by Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist, who contributed to evolutionary theory. On the Galapagos Islands, he studied and researched a lot of species of animals and plants that are exceptional to the islands but similar to species elsewhere. These observations made Darwin to consider the possibility that species can change over time. Darwin explains natural selection, which is a mechanism for change in populations.

NATURAL SELECTION

- It occurs when organisms with beneficial variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations to the next generation. Organisms without these variations are less likely to survive and reproduce. As a result, each generation consists of the offspring from parents with these variations that help survival.

- Darwin addressed the idea of natural selection to explain how species change over time. In natue, organisms produce more offspring than can survive. In any population, individuals have variations. Fishes, for example, may differ in color, size, and speed. Individuals with certain useful variations, such as speed, survive in their environment, passing those variations to the next generation.

- Over time, offspring with certain variations make up most of the population and may look exactly different from their ancestors. Evidence for evolution is adaptations which is any variation that aids an organism's changes of survival in its environment.

4 principals of natural selection

1. Different members in population have all kinds of individual variation. These characteristics, whether their body size, hair color, blood type, or facial markings, are called phenotypes.

2. Many variations are heritable and can be passed on to offspring.

3. Populations often have a way of doing more offspring than supportive resources.

4. Given above competition for resources, heritable traits that affect individuals' fitness can lead to variations in their survival and reproductive rates.

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